ISLAMIC LEGAL THOUGHT AND THE DYNAMICS OF CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
Abstract
This study discusses Islamic legal thought (fiqh) in response to the dynamics of modern society, which is characterized by rapid social, cultural, political, and technological changes. Islamic legal thought, which originally drew from classical texts, continues to evolve through ijtihad, maqashid syariah, and the adaptation of Islamic norms. Social dynamics in the modern era necessitate the reform of Islamic law so that it remains relevant in addressing various contemporary issues, such as human rights, gender justice, environmental protection, Islamic economics, and state governance. This study reveals two main trends in Islamic legal thought today: first, a conservative group that seeks to preserve the literal authority of the texts; second, a progressive group that encourages the reinterpretation of Islamic law through a rational and contextual approach. Although there is tension between the two, the interaction between these approaches enriches Islamic scholarship and encourages the emergence of adaptive, moderate, and solution-oriented legal thinking. Therefore, the revitalization of Islamic law is not an attempt to change Sharia, but rather a form of ijtihad in translating Islamic values into the context of an ever-changing society.
Penelitian ini membahas pemikiran hukum Islam (fiqh) dalam menanggapi dinamika masyarakat modern yang ditandai oleh perubahan sosial, budaya, politik, dan teknologi yang sangat cepat. Pemikiran hukum Islam yang awalnya bersumber dari teks-teks klasik terus berubah melalui pendekatan ijtihad, maqashid syariah, dan penyesuaian norma-norma Islam. Dinamika sosial di era modern mengharuskan adanya reformasi hukum Islam supaya tetap relevan dalam menjawab beragam isu kontemporer, seperti hak asasi manusia, keadilan gender, perlindungan lingkungan, ekonomi syariah, dan pemerintahan negara. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan adanya dua kecenderungan utama dalam pemikiran hukum Islam saat ini: yang pertama, kelompok konservatif yang berusaha menjaga otoritas teks secara harfiah; yang kedua, kelompok progresif yang mendorong reinterpretasi hukum Islam dengan pendekatan rasional dan kontekstual. Walaupun ada ketegangan di antara keduanya, interaksi antara pendekatan tersebut memperkaya wawasan keilmuan Islam dan mendorong lahirnya pemikiran hukum yang adaptif, moderat, dan solutif. Karena itu, revitalisasi hukum Islam bukanlah usaha untuk mengubah syariah, melainkan bentuk ijtihad dalam menerjemahkan nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam konteks masyarakat yang senantiasa berubah.
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